List of Prime Ministers of Portugal

Prime Minister of the Portuguese Republic Primeiro Ministro da República Portuguesa
Flag of the Prime Minister
Incumbent Pedro Passos Coelho since 21 June 2011
Appointer	Aníbal Cavaco Silva as President of Portugal
Term length	Four years
Inaugural holder	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela
Formation	24 September 1834
Website	portugal.gov.pt

Portugal

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Portugal

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In Portugal, the post of Prime Minister (primeiro-ministro, Portuguese pronunciation: [pɾiˈmɐjɾu mɨˈniʃtɾu] or [miˈniʃtɾu]) is the head of the country's Government. He/she coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports his actions and is controlled by the Assembly of the Republic, and keeps the President of the Republic informed.

There is no limit to the number of mandates as Prime Minister. He/she is appointed by the President of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named Prime Minister.

The official residence of the Prime Minister, a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many Prime Ministers didn't live in the palace during their full mandate.

Contents 1 History 2 Prime Ministers 2.1 Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910) 2.2 First Republic (1910–1926) 2.3 Second Republic (1926–1974) 2.4 Third Republic (1974–Present) 3 Timeline 4 See also

History

The origins of present office of Prime Minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese Monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the King of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the Kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace (Portuguese Mordomo-Mor), on the Chancellor (Chanceler-Mor), on the King's Private Secretary (Escrivão da Puridade) and on the Secretary of State (Secretário de Estado).

In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino) occupying a prominent position over the others.

Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (Ministro Assistente ao Despacho), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (President do Conselho de Ministros) was created. The Presidents of the Council were clearly the heads of government of the Kingdom, holding the executive power that absolutistic monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of a National Congress.

With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (President do Ministério). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.

With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the Prime Minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.

With the Carnation Revolution came the Prime Minister, which replaced the President of the Council.

Prime Ministers

The numbering of the Prime Ministers starts with the first President of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the Prime Ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of Prime Ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976.

At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of the Constitutional Governments. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments is not the same as the numbering of Prime Ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new Parliament take place, a new Constitutional Government is installed, even if the Prime Minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of Constitutional Government when the Prime Minister is replaced, even if in mid-Parliament. So, because some Prime Ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as Prime Ministers under more than one Parliament), there are more Constitutional Governments than there are Prime Ministers.

Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)
#	President of the Council of Ministers (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office		Party
1	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela (1781–1850)		24 September 1834	4 May 1835		Chartist/"Chamorro"
2	Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Count of Linhares (1790–1857)		4 May 1835	27 May 1835		"Chamorro"
3	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Marquess of Saldanha (1790–1876)		27 May 1835	18 November 1835		Independent
4	José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860)		18 November 1835	20 April 1836		Independent
5	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor (1792–1860)		20 April 1836	10 September 1836		"Chamorro"
6	José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares (1788–1849)		10 September 1836	4 November 1836		Septemberist
7	José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquess of Valença and Count of Vimioso (1780–1840)		4 November 1836	5 November 1836		Independent
8	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876)		5 November 1836	1 June 1837		Septemberist
9	António Dias de Oliveira (1804–1863)		1 June 1837	2 August 1837		Septemberist
10	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (2nd time) (1795–1876)		2 August 1837	18 April 1839		Septemberist
11	Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa (1788–1841)		18 April 1839	26 November 1839		Septemberist
12	José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim (1787–1862)		26 November 1839	9 June 1841		Septemberist
13	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884)		9 June 1841	7 February 1842		Septemberist
14	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela (2nd time) (1781–1850)		7 February 1842	9 February 1842		Independent
15	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (1803–1889)		9 February 1842	20 May 1846		Chartist
16	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela (3rd time) (1781–1850)		20 May 1846	6 October 1846		Chartist
17	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (2nd time) (1790–1876)		6 October 1846	18 June 1849		Chartist
18	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (2nd time) (1803–1889)		18 June 1849	26 April 1851		Chartist
19	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor (2nd time) (1792–1860)		26 April 1851	1 May 1851		Regenerator
20	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (3rd time) (1790–1876)		1 May 1851	6 June 1856		Regenerator
21	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Marquess of Loulé (1804–1875)		6 June 1856	16 March 1859		Historic
22	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor (3rd time) (1792–1860)		16 March 1859	1 May 1860		Regenerator
23	Joaquim António de Aguiar (2nd time) (1792–1884)		1 May 1860	4 July 1860		Regenerator
24	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (2nd time) (1804–1875)		4 July 1860	17 April 1865		Historic
25	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira (3rd time) (1795–1876)		17 April 1865	4 September 1865		Reformist
26	Joaquim António de Aguiar (3rd time) (1792–1884)		4 September 1865	4 January 1868		Regenerator (with the Historic Party)
27	António José de Ávila, Count of Ávila (1807–1881)		4 January 1868	22 July 1868		Independent
28	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira (4th time) (1795–1876)		22 July 1868	11 August 1869		Reformist
29	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (3rd time) (1804–1875)		11 August 1869	19 May 1870		Historic
30	João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha (4th time) (1790–1876)		19 May 1870	29 August 1870		Regenerator
31	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira (5th time) (1795–1876)		29 August 1870	29 October 1870		Reformist
32	António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila (2nd time) (1807–1881)		29 October 1870	13 September 1871		Reformist
33	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887)		13 September 1871	6 March 1877		Regenerator
34	António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila (3rd time) (1807–1881)		6 March 1877	26 January 1878		Reformist
35	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (2nd time) (1819–1887)		26 January 1878	29 May 1879		Regenerator
36	Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco (1819–1885)		29 May 1879	23 March 1881		Progressist
37	António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882)		23 March 1881	14 November 1881		Regenerator
38	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (3rd time) (1819–1887)		14 November 1881	16 February 1886		Regenerator
39	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914)		16 February 1886	14 January 1890		Progressist
40	António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900)		14 January 1890	11 October 1890		Regenerator
41	João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa (1811–1895)		11 October 1890	18 January 1892		Independent
42	José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909)		18 January 1892	22 February 1893		Independent
43	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907)		22 February 1893	5 February 1897		Regenerator
44	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (2nd time) (1834–1914)		5 February 1897	26 July 1900		Progressist
45	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (2nd time) (1849–1907)		26 July 1900	20 October 1904		Regenerator
46	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (3rd time) (1834–1914)		20 October 1904	19 March 1906		Progressist
47	Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro (3rd time) (1849–1907)		19 March 1906	19 May 1906		Regenerator
48	João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco (1855–1929)		19 May 1906	4 February 1908		Liberal Regenerator
49	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923)		4 February 1908	26 December 1908		Independent
50	Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922)		26 December 1908	11 April 1909		Independent (Regenerator and Progressist)
51	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles (1847–1921)		11 April 1909	14 May 1909		Independent
52	Wenceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (1858–1919)		14 May 1909	22 December 1909		Independent
53	Francisco António da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916)		22 December 1909	26 June 1910		Regenerator
54	António Teixeira de Sousa (1857–1917)		26 June 1910	5 October 1910		Regenerator
First Republic (1910–1926)
#	President of the Ministry (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Elected (Government)	Party
55	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (1843–1924)		5 October 1910	24 August 1911	1911	Republican
56	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925)		4 September 1911	13 November 1911		Republican
57	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951)		13 November 1911	16 June 1912		Republican
58	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)		16 June 1912	9 January 1913		Republican
59	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)		9 January 1913	9 February 1914		Democratic
60	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944)		9 February 1914	12 December 1914		Democratic
61	"Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955)		12 December 1914	28 January 1915		Democratic
62	Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918)		28 January 1915	14 May 1915		Independent
-	Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro		14 May 1915	15 May 1915		Independent
-	João Pinheiro Chagas (did not take office) (1863–1925)		15 May 1915	17 May 1915		Independent
63	José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929)		17 May 1915	29 November 1915	1915	Democratic
64	Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (1871–1937)		29 November 1915	16 March 1916		Democratic
65	António José de Almeida (1866–1929)		16 March 1916	25 April 1917		Sacred Union (Evolutionist Republican with the Democrats)
66	Afonso Augusto da Costa (3rd time) (1871–1937)		25 April 1917	7 October 1917		Democratic
-	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955)		7 October 1917	25 October 1917		Democratic
	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)		25 October 1917	17 November 1917		Democratic
	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (interim) (1867–1955)		17 November 1917	8 December 1917		Democratic
67	Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918)		8 December 1917	14 December 1918 (died)	1918	National Republican
68	João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior (1862–1934)		14 December 1918	23 December 1918		National Republican
69	João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (1883–1948)		23 December 1918	27 January 1919		National Republican
70	José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929)		27 January 1919	30 March 1919		Independent
71	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956)		30 March 1919	30 June 1919	1919	Independent
72	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950)		30 June 1919	15 January 1920		Democratic
-	Francisco José Fernandes Costa (did not take office) (1857–1925)		15 January 1920			Liberal Republican
-	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950)		15 January 1920	21 January 1920		Democratic
73	Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (1882–1956)		21 January 1920	8 March 1920		Independent
74	António Maria Baptista (1866–1920)		8 March 1920	6 June 1920 (died)		Democratic
75	José Ramos Preto (1871–1949)		6 June 1920	26 June 1920		Democratic
76	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950)		26 June 1920	19 July 1920		Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars)
77	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921)		19 July 1920	20 November 1920		Liberal Republican (with the National Reconstitution Republicans)
78	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928)		20 November 1920	30 November 1920		National Reconstitution Republican (with the Democratics and Populars)
79	Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949)		30 November 1920	2 March 1921		Democratic (with National Reconstitution Republicans and Populars)
80	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (2nd time) (1851–1944)		2 March 1921	23 May 1921		Democratic (with National Reconstitution Republicans and Populars)
81	Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925)		23 May 1921	30 August 1921	1921	Liberal Republican
82	António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (1881–1921)		30 August 1921	19 October 1921		Liberal Republican
83	António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943)		19 October 1921	5 November 1921		Independent
84	Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932)		5 November 1921	16 December 1921		Independent
85	Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970)		16 December 1921	7 February 1922	1922	Independent
86	António Maria da Silva (2nd time) (1872–1950)		7 February 1922	15 November 1923		Democratic
87	António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940)		15 November 1923	18 December 1923		Nationalist Republican
88	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (1878–1928)		18 December 1923	7 July 1924		Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics)
89	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938)		7 July 1924	22 November 1924		Democratic
90	José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958)		22 November 1924	15 February 1925		Democratic Leftwing Republican
91	Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957)		15 February 1925	1 July 1925		Democratic
92	António Maria da Silva (3rd time) (1872–1950)		1 July 1925	1 August 1925		Democratic
93	Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (1882–1956)		1 August 1925	18 December 1925	1925	Democratic
94	António Maria da Silva (4th time) (1872–1950)		18 December 1925	30 May 1926		Democratic
Second Republic (1926–1974)
#	President of the Council of Ministers (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Elected (Government)	Party
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932)
95	José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1883–1965)		30 May 1926	19 June 1926		None
96	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929)		19 June 1926	9 July 1926		None
97	António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951)		9 July 1926	18 April 1928		None
98	José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952)		18 April 1928	8 July 1929		None
99	Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933)		8 July 1929	21 January 1930		None
100	Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (1873–1957)		21 January 1930	5 July 1932		National Union
Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974)
101	António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970)		5 July 1932	25 September 1968	1934	National Union
					1938
					1942
					1945
					1949
					1953
					1957
					1961
					1965
102	Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906–1980)		25 September 1968	25 April 1974	1969	National Union (in 1970 renamed People's National Action)
					1973
Third Republic (1974–Present)
#	Prime Minister (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Elected (Government)	Party
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976)
-	National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques Diogo Neto Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo António Rosa Coutinho		25 April 1974	16 May 1974		None
103	Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992)		16 May 1974	18 July 1974		Independent
104	Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves (1922–2005)		18 July 1974	19 September 1975	1975 Cst.	Independent
105	José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983)		19 September 1975	23 June 1976		Independent
106	Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (interim [1]) (1932–2010)		23 June 1976	23 July 1976		Independent
Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976-Present[update])
107	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–)		23 July 1976	28 August 1978	1976 (1st)	Socialist (from 1977 with the Democratic and Social Centre)
					—— (2nd)
108	Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa (1923–1996)		28 August 1978	22 November 1978	—— (3rd)	Independent (presidential nomination)
109	Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto (1936–1985)		22 November 1978	1 August 1979	—— (4th)	Independent (presidential nomination) (Social Democratic)
110	Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930–2004)		1 August 1979	3 January 1980		Independent (presidential nomination)
					1979 (5th)	Socialist
111	Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980)		3 January 1980	4 December 1980 (died)	1980 (6th)	Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic)
112	Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (interim) (1941–)		4 December 1980	9 January 1981		Democratic Alliance (Democratic and Social Centre)
113	Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (1937–)		9 January 1981	9 June 1983	—— (7th)	Democratic Alliance (Social Democratic)
					—— (8th)
114	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (2nd time) (1924–)		9 June 1983	6 November 1985	1983 (9th)	Socialist (with the Social Democratic Party)
115	Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (1939–)		6 November 1985	28 October 1995	1985 (10th)	Social Democratic
					1987 (11th)
					1991 (12th)
116	António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (1949–)		28 October 1995	6 April 2002	1995 (13th)	Socialist
					1999 (14th)
117	José Manuel Durão Barroso (1956–)		6 April 2002	17 July 2004	2002 (15th)	Social Democratic (with the People's Party)
118	Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (1956–)		17 July 2004	12 March 2005	—— (16th)	Social Democratic (with the People's Party)
119	José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (1957–)		12 March 2005	21 June 2011	2005 (17th)	Socialist
					2009 (18th)
120	Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (1964–)		21 June 2011	Incumbent	2011 (19th)	Social Democratic (with the People's Party)

Timeline

See also

• List of Prime Ministers of Portugal by time in office
• List of Presidents of Portugal
• List of Presidents of Portugal by longevity
• Politics of Portugal
• Lists of incumbents